World Religions - Chapter 11: Encountering Christianity: The Way of Jesus Christ
Note: This is a reading guide, not a study guide. Complete it while you read. It directs you to specific passages, keeps you engaged, and helps you gather evidence as you move through the chapter. The goal is comprehension and evidence-gathering, not review.
World religions can involve unfamiliar beliefs, practices, historical developments, texts, and ways of understanding the world. This guide will help you identify the chapter's most important concepts so that by the time you finish reading, you will have a solid grasp of the material and be prepared for the Chapter Quiz.
Step 1: Go to each page indicated. Find the sentence using the opening words provided, then type the entire sentence verbatim into the matching evidence box. Step 2: Answer the review question in your own words using the anchor sentences and the surrounding textbook passage as evidence. No outside research is needed or permitted.
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Question 3
Section:
The Life, Death, and Resurrection of Jesus Christ (ca. 4 B.C.E.-30 C.E.)
Anchor 1 - Page 258: Find the sentence beginning with: “Jesus was arrested…”
What happened during the final events of Jesus’s earthly life and immediately afterward?
Focus Areas for Students: Review Jesus’s entry into Jerusalem, the Last Supper, his betrayal and arrest, and his trials before Jewish and Roman authorities. Focus especially on Christian beliefs about his crucifixion, resurrection, and ascension.
Question 5
Section:
Names: Christ, Christian, and Christianity
Anchor 1 - Page 256: Find the sentence beginning with: “The name Christ…”
Anchor 2 - Page 256: Find the sentence beginning with: “Christianity, the religion…”
How did the terms Christ, Christian, and Christianity develop?
Focus Areas for Students: Review the relationship between the Greek word Christos and the Hebrew word messiah. Note what the first followers of Jesus called their movement and how the word Christians was originally used.
Question 1
Section:
The Earliest Church (30-100 C.E.)
Anchor 1 - Page 260: Find the sentence beginning with: “Paul worked tirelessly…”
What role did the Apostle Paul play in the development of the early church?
Focus Areas for Students: Review Paul's extensive missionary work and his teachings regarding Gentile converts. Note his specific views on justification by faith and how this affected the requirement to obey the Mosaic Law.
Question 2
Section:
The Ancient Period (100-500 C.E.)
Anchor 1 - Page 262: Find the sentence beginning with: “This era featured…”
What happened to Christianity when Emperor Constantine officially tolerated the religion in 312 C.E.?
Focus Areas for Students: Review the new era of close association between the church and the state. Consider how this alliance, often called Constantinianism, affected the growth of the religion and the development of a new culture centered in Constantinople.
Question 3
Section:
Byzantine, Medieval, and Renaissance Christianity (500-1500)
Anchor 2 - Page 263: Find the sentence beginning with: “The controversy over…”
What caused the Iconoclastic Controversy in the Byzantine Empire?
Focus Areas for Students: Review the attempt by some emperors to remove pictures of Jesus and the saints from churches. Note how this conflict ultimately shaped the identity and worship practices of Eastern Orthodoxy.
Question 4
Section:
Reformation in the Western Church (1500-1600)
Anchor 1 - Page 265: Find the sentence beginning with: “The immediate complaint…”
What were the main features of Martin Luther's Magisterial Reformation?
Focus Areas for Students: Review Luther's initial complaints against the Catholic Church, specifically regarding the sale of indulgences. Consider his new teachings on salvation by faith alone, the authority of the Bible, and changes to worship language.
Why was the Radical Reformation important in the development of Protestantism?
Focus Areas for Students: Review the beliefs of groups like the Swiss Brethren (Anabaptists) who felt mainstream reform was halfhearted. Note their specific rules regarding adult baptism, civil government, and pacifism.
Question 6
Section:
Modern Christianity (1900-Present)
Anchor 1 - Page 270: Find the sentence beginning with: “But when Pope…”
What was the significance of the Second Vatican Council (Vatican II) for the Roman Catholic Church?
Focus Areas for Students: Review the major reforms adopted by the Second Vatican Council, which Pope John XXIII convened and which the textbook dates from 1962 to 1966. . Note the specific reforms regarding worship language, the role of the laity, and relations with non-Catholics.
Question 7
Section:
God the Son
Anchor 1 - Page 273: Find the sentence beginning with: “The Nicene Creed…”
Anchor 2 - Page 273: Find the sentence beginning with: “The Creed goes…”
What role does the Nicene Creed play in defining the nature of Jesus Christ?
Focus Areas for Students: Review the Creed's specific claims about Jesus's relationship to God the Father. Note how it addresses the concept of the incarnation and the Son's role in the creation of the world.
How did Jesus expand upon traditional Jewish laws in the Sermon on the Mount?
Focus Areas for Students: Review how Jesus radicalized traditional moral directions like the Ten Commandments. Consider his teachings on controlling internal thoughts and emotions, rather than focusing solely on external physical actions.
Question 9
Section:
Foundations of Christian Worship
Anchor 1 - Page 281: Find the sentence beginning with: “The sacraments are…”
Anchor 2 - Page 281: Find the sentence beginning with: “In other words,…”
What role do the seven sacraments play in Roman Catholic worship?
Focus Areas for Students: Review the Catholic understanding of how these rituals function as "efficacious signs of grace." Consider why they are necessary for salvation and how their effectiveness relies on the administration of the ritual itself.
Question 10
Section:
Foundations of Christian Worship
Anchor 1 - Page 282: Find the sentence beginning with: “The strongest impact…”
Anchor 2 - Page 282: Find the sentence beginning with: “Speaking in tongues—an…”
What are the main features of the modern charismatic and Pentecostal movements?
Focus Areas for Students: Review this movement's emphasis on the supernatural gifts of the Holy Spirit. Note its primary activity in worship, such as speaking in tongues, and its overall impact on worldwide Christianity.
Question 11
Section:
The Different Churches in the United States: Roman Catholic and Protestant
Anchor 1 - Page 287: Find the sentence beginning with: “Evangelicalism is the…”
Anchor 2 - Page 287: Find the sentence beginning with: “The experience of…”
What are the main features of modern evangelical Protestantism in North America?
Focus Areas for Students: Review the movement's emphasis on spreading the gospel and the necessity of a "born again" conversion experience. Note how evangelicals view the presence and direction of God in their daily lives.
Question 12
Section:
The Global South
Anchor 1 - Page 284: Find the sentence beginning with: “These Global South…”
How is the shift of Christianity to the Global South affecting the worldwide religion?
Focus Areas for Students: Review the rapid growth of Christianity in the Southern Hemisphere compared to the Northern Hemisphere. Consider how these Christians view traditional theology, spiritual warfare, and social issues differently from older Northern churches.